The Foreign Exchange, or Forex Market is where official institutions such as banks facilitate the buying and selling of currency with one party buying a quantity of currency in exchange for paying a quantity of another.
The purpose of the Forex market is to smooth the progress of trade and investment and it is considered a unique market because of its trading volumes, the liquidity of the Market, its geographical dispersion and long trading hours, the variety of factors which affect the exchange rates as well as the low margins of profit it produces compared with other markets.
This market started evolving in the 1970’s after countries started switching to floating exchange rates and today it is one of the largest fluid financial markets in the world with the daily volumes growing continuously. In April 2007 the daily turnover was reported as being over US$ 3.2 trillion, growing a further 41% between then and 2008.
London is the largest geographic trading centre in the UK and has increased its share of global turnover substantially. The ten most active traders account for about 80% of the trading volume and these large international banks continually provide the market with both buy and sell prices. These buy/sell or bid/ask spreads are the difference between the price the bank will sell for and the price at which a market maker will buy from a wholesale customer.
The Forex stock market is divided into levels of access, unlike a stock market where participants all have access to the same prices.